Summary of the Latest Week with Data
During the most recent week with data (sample date: 2025-12-08), wastewater viral signals in Columbia, MO showed a marked decrease in most respiratory pathogens compared to both long-term and seasonal averages, as well as the previous 4-week average. SARS-CoV-2 and all influenza A and B subtypes were undetectable, consistent with a downward trend. Several enteroviruses and rhinoviruses remained present, with rhinovirus C and total rhinovirus counts elevated relative to historical norms. Notably, Enterovirus A71 and Enterovirus C were detected at levels near the assay’s limit of detection, and Parainfluenza 2 was present after being absent in the prior four weeks. Several detections this week are based on low read counts, indicating lower confidence in those signals.
Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 was not detected in the latest week with data, continuing a trend of declining viral presence in wastewater. This is a significant reduction compared to both the long-term and seasonal averages, as well as the previous 4-week average. SARS-CoV-2 is primarily transmitted via respiratory droplets and aerosols, with symptoms ranging from mild respiratory illness to severe pneumonia. The virus typically peaks in late fall and winter. Vaccines and boosters remain the primary counter-measure for reducing transmission and severity.
Influenza A (H1N1, H3N2, H5N1)
All influenza A subtypes were undetectable in the latest week with data, representing a notable decrease from historical and recent averages. Influenza A viruses are spread by respiratory droplets and contact with contaminated surfaces. Symptoms include fever, cough, and body aches, with complications more likely in vulnerable populations. Seasonal influenza vaccines are available and recommended for prevention.
Influenza B
Influenza B was not detected in the latest week with data, remaining well below long-term and seasonal averages, and consistent with low levels seen in the previous 4 weeks. Like influenza A, transmission occurs via respiratory droplets and contaminated surfaces. Symptoms are similar to influenza A, and annual vaccination provides protection.
Pneumovirus RSV-A and RSV-B
Neither RSV-A nor RSV-B was detected in the latest week with data, continuing a period of low activity compared to historical and seasonal norms. RSV is transmitted through close contact and contaminated surfaces, and can cause severe respiratory illness, particularly in infants and older adults. Monoclonal antibody prophylaxis and newly available vaccines for older adults and pregnant women are important counter-measures.
Enterovirus A71
Enterovirus A71 was detected at levels near the assay’s limit of detection, with lower confidence in the signal. This virus is spread primarily via the fecal-oral route and can cause hand, foot, and mouth disease, as well as rare but severe neurological complications. No licensed vaccine is available in the United States.
Enterovirus C
Enterovirus C was detected at low levels, below the assay’s limit of detection, and with lower confidence. Transmission is typically fecal-oral, and clinical presentations range from mild febrile illness to more severe complications. No vaccine is available.
Parainfluenza 2
Parainfluenza 2 was detected in the latest week with data after being absent in the previous four weeks, though at levels near the assay’s limit of detection and with lower confidence. Parainfluenza viruses are transmitted via respiratory droplets and cause croup, bronchitis, and pneumonia, especially in young children. No vaccine is available.
Rhinovirus C and Rhinovirus (total)
Rhinovirus C and total rhinovirus counts remain elevated compared to historical averages, though lower than the previous 4-week average. Rhinoviruses are spread by respiratory droplets and contaminated surfaces, and are the most common cause of the common cold. Symptoms are typically mild, and no vaccine is available.
Coronavirus 229E
Coronavirus 229E was detected at low levels, near the assay’s limit of detection, and with lower confidence. This virus is transmitted via respiratory droplets and causes mild upper respiratory symptoms, especially in winter. No vaccine is available.
Parainfluenza 1, Parainfluenza 3, Coronavirus NL63, Rhinovirus B, Influenza C
These viruses were detected at low levels, near the assay’s limit of detection, and with lower confidence. They are transmitted via respiratory droplets, with symptoms ranging from mild cold-like illness to more severe respiratory disease in vulnerable populations. No vaccines are available for these viruses.
Summary and Implications
Wastewater data from the latest week indicate a period of low community circulation for SARS-CoV-2, influenza A and B, and RSV, with several enteroviruses and rhinoviruses remaining present at moderate to elevated levels. The detection of Parainfluenza 2 after a period of absence suggests ongoing low-level transmission. Community members should continue to practice good hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, and stay up to date on recommended vaccinations, especially for influenza and COVID-19. Individuals with symptoms of respiratory or gastrointestinal illness should consider testing and avoid close contact with others, particularly those at higher risk for severe disease.